Study of the in situ variability of cuban landraces maize in two areas of Cuba
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Abstract
The existent genetic variability in Cuba constitutes a potential wealth that can be of invaluable strategic value for the country. Hatheway (1957) determined the existence in Cuba of seven races of maize, recognized by their distinctive characteristics in the plant, the ear and the grain. It is possible that in the course of more than forty years some of these races no longer exist, have modified or have been formed new races starting from their dispersion and the crossing among them. The current variability could constitute a new potential in the Cuban genetic resources of maize. The observations were carried out under in situ conditions on 15 home gardens (7 in western and 8 in eastern region of Cuba). The geographical isolation between western and eastern, located in both ends of the Island of Cuba give the impossibility that crossing exists among them, they should explain the existence of marked significant differences among the agreements for the values average of the characters ears length and ear diameter, cob diameter and number of grains for array. The traditional, locally adapted varieties and therefore with valuable genes, in occasions can suffer genetic erosion and they are substituted by more modern varieties. If the local varieties were in the ex situ collections, with an appropriate planning of multiplication, they could recover to their origin places, restoring in this way the original genetic patrimony, as a fundamental piece of the sustainability of the damaged agricultural systems. Because of this becomes necessary the use of both conservation strategies like complementary for the conservation of the genetic wealth of the cultivation in Cuba.
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