Growth and nutrient uptake in cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zuc.) under different shade conditions and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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Abstract
The cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zucc.) is a wild plant native to the deciduous forests of the Mixteca Baja region in Puebla, southern Mexico, whose fruits are locally valued. However, the lack of cultivation technologies limits its utilization despite increasing demand. The aim of this study was to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, the effect of different levels of artificial shade and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and nutrient uptake of cuatomate. Five shading levels (0, 35, 50, 75, and 90%) were applied, either combined with the strains Glomus cubense and Rhizophagus irregularis, along with a non-inoculated control, under a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement and 30 replications. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, mycorrhizal variables, N, P, and K uptake by the aerial biomass, as well as air and soil temperature, relative humidity, and photosynthetically active radiation, were recorded monthly. No interaction between factors was detected; however, shading between 50 and 90% and AMF inoculation significantly promoted growth, mycorrhizal activity, and nutrient uptake from the fourth month of cultivation onward. Shading reduced air and soil temperatures, increased relative humidity, and decreased photosynthetically active radiation. It is concluded that, under greenhouse conditions, the combination of 50–90% shading and AMF inoculation favors the growth and nutrient absorption of cuatomate.
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