Biological control of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) using strains of Trichoderma ssp. and Cladobotryum semicirculare
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Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina is a soilborne phytopathogenic fungus with a wide distribution and host range, responsible for charcoal rot in more than 500 plant species, including agriculturally important legumes. In Cuba, its high incidence poses a challenge to the sustainable production of these crops due to the limited availability of effective and environmentally safe control methods. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the antagonistic effect of five strains of Trichoderma spp. and one strain of Cladobotryum semicirculare against M. phaseolina (strain PF1). The dual culture method was used to analyze three mechanisms of action: competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis, and mycoparasitism. The Trichoderma strains showed a high level of inhibition of the pathogen’s growth, while C. semicirculare demonstrated antagonistic potential through combined direct mechanisms. The results confirm the feasibility of using antagonistic fungi as a promising biological alternative for the integrated management of M. phaseolina in legume production systems.
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