La criopreservación vegetal: su aplicación a la conservación del germoplasma de ajo (Allium sativum L.)

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María de los Ángeles Torres Mederos

Resumen

El interés en las investigaciones sobre la criopreservación vegetal se ha incrementado debido a la necesidad de una alternativa efectiva para la conservación del germoplasma de las especies que no pueden ser almacenadas en los bancos de semillas convencionales. Las primeras técnicas de criopreservación utilizaban protocolos con velocidades de enfriamiento lentas y eran conocidas como técnicas de enfriamiento lento. Éstas probaron ser sistemas muy eficientes para los callos y las suspensiones celulares, pero fueron menos exitosas para los tejidos vegetales organizados. Posteriormente, se desarrollaron protocolos con alta velocidad de enfriamiento, los cuales son más apropiados para los explantes constituidos por poblaciones celulares, como los ápices, las yemas y los ejes embrionarios. La vitrificación, la gota- vitrificación y las V y D crio-placas están entre los protocolos más estudiados y son utilizados para la implementación de colecciones criopreservadas. La criopreservación de germoplasma de ajo se ha estudiado mediante diferentes protocolos debido a su importancia como planta de interés culinario y medicinal. En el presente, se mantienen colecciones criopreservadas de ajo mediante los métodos de la vitrificación, la gota-vitrificación o la V crio-placa en Europa, Corea del Sur, Japón y Los Estados Unidos de América.

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La criopreservación vegetal: su aplicación a la conservación del germoplasma de ajo (Allium sativum L.). (2024). Agrotecnia De Cuba, 48, https://cu-id.com/2120/v48e03. https://www.agrotecnia.edicionescervantes.com/index.php/agrotecnia/article/view/781
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La criopreservación vegetal: su aplicación a la conservación del germoplasma de ajo (Allium sativum L.). (2024). Agrotecnia De Cuba, 48, https://cu-id.com/2120/v48e03. https://www.agrotecnia.edicionescervantes.com/index.php/agrotecnia/article/view/781

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